Understanding Neck and Shoulder Pain (2024)

Neck and shoulder pain commonly occur together. This combination of pain can be particularly challenging because both the neck and shoulder may have reduced motion, which can affect many more routine activities compared to when just the neck or shoulder is involved.

See Could That Shoulder Pain Really Stem From the Neck?

In This Article:

  • Understanding Neck and Shoulder Pain
  • What Causes Neck and Shoulder Pain?
  • Causes of Shoulder Blade Pain Video

What Does Neck and Shoulder Pain Feel Like?

Neck and shoulder pain may start suddenly, such as after an injury, or gradually. Many people with neck and shoulder pain experience one or more of the following:

  • Mild discomfort or achiness, which may feel localized to a spot between the neck and shoulder or diffused across a broader region across the shoulder and/or up the neck
  • Sharp or shock-like pain that likely comes and goes, possibly radiating down the shoulder and/or into the arm or hand
  • Stiffness and decreased range of motion in the neck and shoulder, which may limit the ability to turn the head or lift the arm
  • Tenderness in the neck or shoulders that worsens when pressed (these spots of tenderness are sometimes called trigger points)
  • Tingling, numbness, and/or weakness that can go down into the shoulder, arm, and/or hand

    Watch Cervical Radiculopathy Interactive Video

In some cases, the neck and shoulder pain may worsen with certain activities, such as turning the head to the side, working above the head, or participating in sports. For others, the pain may worsen when resting, such as when sitting or trying to sleep.

Development of Neck and Shoulder Pain

The neck and shoulder are interconnected by many nerves, blood vessels, muscles, and other tissues. A problem in the neck can send pain to the shoulder, and vice versa. Some of the underlying biomechanics that can contribute to both neck and shoulder pain include:

  • Muscle dysfunction. An injury or inflammation to a muscle in the neck or shoulder may lead to pain and stiffness. Sometimes when one muscle becomes tight or dysfunctional, nearby muscles may need to work more and become painful. The muscles’ connective tissues (fascia), tendons, or ligaments may also become injured or inflamed, possibly sending referred pain to nearby areas.

See Neck Strain: Causes and Remedies

  • Nerve compression or inflammation. When a nerve in the neck becomes compressed or inflamed, it may send pain down into the shoulder, arm, and/or hand. Similarly, a nerve compressed or inflamed in the shoulder may radiate pain up to the neck. 1 Arthritis of the Shoulder. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons website. http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00222. Last reviewed: January 2013. Accessed August 8, 2019. The brachial plexus, which is the group of nerves that run from the lower neck and upper back across the shoulder, can be involved in various types of neck and shoulder pain.

    See Cervical Radiculopathy Symptoms

  • Blood vessel compression. If blood vessels between the neck and shoulder become compressed, it may affect blood circulation and cause pain or swelling.

Many other factors may be involved with developing neck and shoulder pain, such as stress or anxiety. 2 Buscemi V, Chan W-J, Liston M, McAuley JH, Schabrun SM. The role of perceived stress and life stressors in the development of chronic musculoskeletal pain disorders: a systemic review. J Pain. 2019. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2019.02.008 Sometimes neck and shoulder pain may have more than one cause or separate causes.

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Getting a Diagnosis for Neck and Shoulder Pain

Seek a medical evaluation for neck and shoulder pain if any of the following are true:

  • Pain persists for a couple weeks
  • Pain interferes with daily activities
  • Numbness or weakness are present

Only a trained medical professional can give an accurate diagnosis. Once an accurate diagnosis is reached for the specific cause of neck and shoulder pain, an effective treatment plan can be started.

See Diagnosing Neck Pain

Dr. Jason Kirkbride is a sports medicine physician specializing in sports and musculoskeletal injuries. He serves as the Co-Director of Regenerative Medicine at Princeton Spine & Joint Center.

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Understanding Neck and Shoulder Pain (2024)

FAQs

Understanding Neck and Shoulder Pain? ›

“Pain from the shoulder area can sometimes be coming from your neck. This is because the nerves and muscles that arise from you neck pass through your shoulder on their way down the arm. The nerves from your neck (Nerve Roots) also travel down your arm (via Brachial Plexus). So, neck pain may extend down your arm.

What is the connection between neck and shoulder pain? ›

“Pain from the shoulder area can sometimes be coming from your neck. This is because the nerves and muscles that arise from you neck pass through your shoulder on their way down the arm. The nerves from your neck (Nerve Roots) also travel down your arm (via Brachial Plexus). So, neck pain may extend down your arm.

How do I know if my neck and shoulder pain is serious? ›

Contact a health care provider if neck pain: Is severe. Persists for several days without relief. Spreads down arms or legs.

What organs can cause neck and shoulder pain? ›

Issues involving your heart, lungs, abdominal organs, and spinal cord can all cause shoulder pain and sometimes neck pain. Take your symptoms seriously and see your healthcare provider as soon as you can after neck or shoulder pain starts.

How do I stop my neck and shoulders from hurting? ›

In mild to moderate cases, home remedies may help.
  1. Move more. You may have heard that rest is the best remedy for muscle pain and neck stiffness. ...
  2. Hot and cold therapy. Using ice packs or heating pads can help relieve neck pain fast. ...
  3. Over-the-counter medications. ...
  4. Postural changes. ...
  5. Neck pain exercises.

Is there a nerve that runs from neck to shoulder? ›

The axillary nerve starts in your neck and extends to your shoulder. It causes movement and sensation in your shoulder and the back of your upper arm. Injuries to this nerve can affect your ability to rotate your arm or lift it.

What is the most common cause of neck and shoulder pain? ›

Common causes include physical strain, poor posture, mental stress, osteoarthritis, spinal stenosis, herniated disk, pinched nerve, tumors and other health conditions.

How do I know if my neck pain is muscular? ›

When your neck is sore, you may have trouble moving it, especially to one side. Many people describe this as having a stiff neck. If neck pain involves nerves, such as a muscle spasm pinching on a nerve or a slipped disk pressing on a nerve, you may feel numbness, tingling, or weakness in your arm, hand, or elsewhere.

When not to ignore neck pain? ›

For most neck pain, it's okay to try self-care strategies before seeking medical help. However, if your neck pain is so severe you can't sit still, or if it is accompanied by any of the following symptoms, contact a medical professional right away: Fever, headache, and neck stiffness.

Why does my neck and shoulder hurt worse when I lay down? ›

This may be because the effects of gravity when laying down cause the muscles and tendons in the shoulder to settle in a slightly different position, decreasing blood flow to the area and aggravating the pain of tendon issues like tendonitis.

What diseases start with neck pain? ›

Neck pain may be caused by arthritis, disc degeneration, narrowing of the spinal canal, muscle inflammation, strain or trauma. In rare cases, it may be a sign of cancer or meningitis.

What kind of doctor treats neck and shoulder pain? ›

Specialists Who Treat Neck Pain

These include pain medicine specialists like Dr. Waldman; physiatrists; neurologists; sports medicine doctors; spine surgeons, and physical therapists. “With a good physical therapist and participation in a corrective exercise program, most people will get better,” Dr.

What does a pinched nerve in the neck feel like? ›

This causes symptoms such as sharp pain in your neck, shoulder, arm, hand, or back. You may also have tingling or numbness. Sometimes it makes your arm weaker. The symptoms may get worse when you turn your head, cough, or sneeze.

How should I sleep if my neck hurts? ›

What is the best sleeping position for neck pain? Two sleeping positions are easiest on the neck: on your side or on your back. If you sleep on your back, choose a rounded pillow to support the natural curve of your neck, with a flatter pillow cushioning your head.

What is the best painkiller for shoulder pain? ›

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDs, can relieve shoulder pain by reducing inflammation in the shoulder joint. Ibuprofen and naproxen are two NSAIDs doctors commonly recommend. If over-the-counter NSAIDs don't relieve your pain, your doctor may prescribe a stronger dose for weeks or months.

What does stroke neck pain feel like? ›

Unusual, persistent neck pain

A vertebral artery tear may feel like something sharp is stuck in the base of your skull. If you experience such pain — especially if you also have stroke symptoms such as dizziness, double vision, jerky eye movements, unsteadiness while walking, or slurred speech — call 911 immediately.

When should I go to the doctor for neck and shoulder pain? ›

However, if you start experiencing neck pain at the same time as other symptoms that don't appear to have a cause, such as incontinence, you should schedule an appointment with your doctor. A high fever, difficulty breathing and muscle weakness may indicate a medical emergency.

What will the ER do for a pinched nerve? ›

Medicines like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, or stronger pain medicines help reduce nerve swelling and relieve pain. Corticosteroids may also be given as an injection, which will also reduce inflammation and pain allowing the nerve to heal.

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